Vaccines

Last updated: 2021 Dec 8
Total hit(s): 26
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Original Article
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A serology assay (MSD platform) showed that there was an increase in certain binding antibodies (Anti-spike and Anti-RBD) post vaccination, compared to pre-vaccination samples. However, there was a slight decline in anti-nucleocapsid antibodies after vaccination. The antigens used in the MSD assay were SARS-CoV-2 N, SARS-CoV-2 S1 RBD, SARS-CoV-2 Spike against the ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1, SARS-CoV-2 Spike (P.1), SARS-CoV-2 Spike (D614G), SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.351), SARS-CoV-2 Spike (B.1.1.7).
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 		Pre-print (medRXiv)
Date of Publishing 2021 Oct 30
Title Vaccination of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors Increases Binding and Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 8

Certain SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (IgG) were substantially lower before vaccination, compared to post-vaccination in a serology assay (Ortho Vitros platform). Similarly, pre-vaccination Total Immunoglobin (Ig) levels were lower than thepost-vaccination levels. Most post-vaccination samples were tested again after dilutions (10- and 100-fold), since they exceeded the reported upper limit of signal-to-cutoff (S/CO) values for the assay.
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 		Pre-print (medRXiv)
Date of Publishing 2021 Oct 30
Title Vaccination of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Donors Increases Binding and Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 8

Sera collected from fully vaccinated Pfizer recipients showed reduced neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Beta pseudoviruses with spike mutations (v1, v2, v3). In contrast, higher neutralization levels similar to wild type SARS-CoV-2 virus were observed against Beta pseudoviruses without spike mutations (v1/wtRBD, v2/wtRBD, v3/wtRBD). These findings imply that although RBD mutations are responsible for the majority of vaccine-induced neutralization escapes, they are more efficient when combined with other changes, particularly those reported in B.1.351 v2 (E484K)and v3 (N501Y)variants. They are also associated with synergistic/non-additive effect of these mutations.
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 		33743213
(Cell)
PMID
33743213
Date of Publishing: 2021 Apr 29
Title Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity
Author(s) nameGarcia-Beltran WF, Lam EC et al.
Journal Cell
Impact factor
27.35
Citation count: 431
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 8

In contrast to the partially vaccinated, sera from fully vaccinated Pfizer recipients showed significantly higher neutralization of wild type strain and SARS-CoV-2 variant pseudoviruses. However, Median titer values for partially vaccinated recipients of Pfizer (167) were slightly lower than that of Moderna (208). After two doses of vaccination, there was also an increase in pseudovirus neutralisation titers with increasing time.
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 		33743213
(Cell)
PMID
33743213
Date of Publishing: 2021 Apr 29
Title Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity
Author(s) nameGarcia-Beltran WF, Lam EC et al.
Journal Cell
Impact factor
27.35
Citation count: 431
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 8

Fully vaccinated Moderna recipients had better neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variant pseudoviruses than partially vaccinated individuals. However, the neutralization titers were lower compared to the individuals vaccinated with 2 doses of Pfizer. The amount of neutralization was associated with the overall amount of anti-RBD antibodies. Both gender and age did notseemto have a significant impact on neutralization titers.
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 		33743213
(Cell)
PMID
33743213
Date of Publishing: 2021 Apr 29
Title Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity
Author(s) nameGarcia-Beltran WF, Lam EC et al.
Journal Cell
Impact factor
27.35
Citation count: 431
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 8

All 10 serum samples from Pfizer vaccine recipients showed a 10.3-fold reduction in neutralisation against the SARS-CoV-2 Beta (B.1.351) variant. Also, a 2.5-fold decrease in the neutralization activity was observed in the convalescent sera. In contrast, there was no significant reduction in the neutralization activity of the sera from vaccinated or convalescent individuals against the Alpha variant. There was no apparent impact of any single mutation in B.1.1.7 on the neutralizing activity of vaccinated individuals' sera.
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 		33532778
(bioRxiv)
PMID
33532778
Date of Publishing: 2021 Jan 26
Title Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7
Author(s) nameWang P, Nair MS et al.
Journal bioRxiv
Impact factor
- n/a -
Citation count: 1
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 8

The neutralisation activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Beta (B.1.351) variant was reduced by 12.4-fold in the sera of Moderna vaccine recipients. Similarly, the activity also reduced by more than 2.5-fold in the convalescent sera. However, there was no loss of neutralization against the Alpha variant, either in post-vaccination sera or convalescent serum samples. The E484K substitution appears to be a key contributor to the variant's resistance to neutralisation, showing that this mutation in the RBM is located in an immunodominant epitope identified by all sera from the vaccinated individuals.
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 		33532778
(bioRxiv)
PMID
33532778
Date of Publishing: 2021 Jan 26
Title Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7
Author(s) nameWang P, Nair MS et al.
Journal bioRxiv
Impact factor
- n/a -
Citation count: 1
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 8

The G75V, T76I, GT75-76VI, and T852N pseudovirus mutants had no effect on vaccine-induced neuralization, as determined by the neutralisation assay. The RSYLTPGD246-253N mutant, on the other hand, demonstrated a considerable resistance to vaccine-induced neuralization. Additionally, the L452Q and F490S mutations were also found to provide resistance to the vaccine-induced antisera. As the results of the pseudovirus assay show, F490S mutation does not affect viral infectivity. Combined with the result from this neutralisation assay, this may suggest that F490S mutation was acquired for antiviral humoral immunity resistance. However, the L452Q mutation not only increases viral infectivity as seen in the pseudovirus assay. The neutralisation assay shows that it also augments the resistance to the vaccine-induced antisera. These data therefore suggest that that this mutation can be critical for the viral dissemination in the human population.
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 		Pre-print (bioRXiv)
Date of Publishing 28 Jul 21
Title SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant exhibits higher infectivity and immune resistance
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 15

Neutralisation assay showed that Lambda variant is highly infectious and resistant to the vaccine-induced humoral immunity. The variant is resistant to Pfizer vaccine-induced neutralisation due to the characteristic 7-amino-acid deletion mutation in the N-terminal domain of the Lambda spike protein.
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 		Pre-print (bioRXiv)
Date of Publishing 28 Jul 21
Title SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant exhibits higher infectivity and immune resistance
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 15

Vaccinated individuals (with Covidshiled or Covaixn) had more neutralizing antibodies than unvaccinated persons. 69 out of 83 individuals vaccinated with COVISHIELD showed elevated neutralizing antibodies while 92 out of 104 COVAXIN recipients showed slightly lower antibodies. Although death in persons who had received a single dose was identical to the unvaccinated group, the rate of mortality in the completely vaccinated breakthrough infections was almost 50% lower. Both Covishield and Covaxin have comparable efficacies and offer equal protection against the severity and mortality from the Delta strain. Out of 495 vaccinated, 251 received COVISHIELD (168 single dose and 83 two doses), 203 received COVAXIN (99 single dose and 104 two doses) and in the remaining 41, the vaccine type or number of doses was not known.
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 		Pre-print (medRXiv)
Date of Publishing 16/07/2021
Title Clinical outcomes in vaccinated individuals hospitalized with Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Dec 15

Antibody neutralization of the UK, South Africa, Europe, Columbus, Ohio and mink spike variants by the sera of convalescent individuals and those vaccinated with BNT162b2 was assessed. Both convalescent and vaccinated patients' sera were able to neutralise the variants. The sera from vaccinated individuals was able to neutralise the alpha variant spike protein which was comparable to the original D614G virus, while the beta variant spike was neutralised with a 3-4-fold lower IC50 than the D614G virus. Convalescent plasma was obtained from donors who had been infected before April 2020 (before the emergence of variants). Vaccinated donor serum was collected from individuals 7 days after administration of vaccine, after confirming that there were no neutralising antibodies in the serum prior to vaccination. Serum collected was titrated against lentivirus samples pseudotyped with spike protein variants.
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 		34060334
(mBio)
PMID
34060334
Date of Publishing: 2021 Jun 1
Title Convalescent-Phase Sera and Vaccine-Elicited Antibodies Largely Maintain Neutralizing Titer against Global SARS-CoV-2 Variant Spikes
Author(s) nameTada T, Dcosta BM et al.
Journal mBio
Impact factor
6.5
Citation count: 22
Date of Entry 2021 Nov 2

For the Beta variant, the neutralizing ability of convalescent sera was reduced by 13.3-fold (infected with wild type) and 3.1-fold (infected with Alpha variant) when compared to the wild strain. The neutralization titres for Beta variant were reduced by 9-fold and 7.6-fold for the Oxford-AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines respectively. The previous infection or vaccination with the ancestral strain of SARS-CoV-2 may not provide signigicant protection against Beta variant and even for other emerging variants with predominant mutations in the RBD region. Next generation vaccines should concentrate on major mutations like E484K in order to provide sufficient protection. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7901269/figure/fig2/?report=objectonly
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 		33730597
(Cell)
PMID
33730597
Date of Publishing: 2021 Apr 29
Title Evidence of escape of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 from natural and vaccine-induced sera
Author(s) nameZhou D, Dejnirattisai W et al.
Journal Cell
Impact factor
27.35
Citation count: 406
Date of Entry 2021 Nov 2

B.1.526 variant is associated with lowered antibody neutralisation which is already in clinical use, thereby raising concerns against the risk of re-infection and efficacy of antibody therapy. The S477N mutation didnot have any antigenic impact, as the NY5(S477N) pseudoviruses didnot show any neutralizing activity against 12 monoclonal antibodies covering all epitopes on RBD.
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 		Pre-print (medRXiv)
Date of Publishing 2021 Apr 15
Title A Novel and Expanding SARS-CoV-2 Variant, B.1.526, Identified in New York
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Nov 2

The efficacy of BNT-162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was determined. After the first dose of either vaccines, the efficiency was remarkebly lower against the B.1.617.2 cases (35%) when comapred to B.1.1.7 cases (51%). However, after the second dose of either vaccines, only slight differences was noted in vaccine effectiveness agianst the delta variant (80.9% versus 86.8% for Alpha variant). Vulnerable people should receive two doses of the vaccination to help prevent the spread of COVID-19.
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 		Pre-print ( medRXiv )
Date of Publishing 2021 May 24
Title Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the B.1.617.2 variant
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 30

Antibodies from vaccinated, convalescent individuals and critical COVID-19 patients was used to test the neutralising capacity aginst different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The convalescent and critical COVID-19 patients showed no significant change in the neutralsing capacity against the wild type and B.1.1.241 variant, however, a significant decrease in neutralisation against the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) was observed. All participants showed a decrease in the neutralisation against the Beta variant (B.1.351). The large time disparities between the three examined populations in terms of post-infection or immunisation limit the interpretation of the differences in results between the three groups.
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 		34176436
(Emerg Microbes Infect)
PMID
34176436
Date of Publishing: 2021 Dec
Title Live virus neutralisation testing in convalescent patients and subjects vaccinated against 19A, 20B, 20I/501Y.V1 and 20H/501Y.V2 isolates of SARS-CoV-2
Author(s) nameSaade C, Gonzalez C et al.
Journal Emerg Microbes Infect
Impact factor
5.84
Citation count: 3
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 13

The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine was efficacious and induced some cross-protection against infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant (B.1.351). The post-hoc vaccine efficacy against the beta variant was 51% and 43% in HIV-negative participants and combined HIV-negative and PLWH (medically stable people living with HIV) population, respectively.
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 		33951374
(N Engl J Med)
PMID
33951374
Date of Publishing: 2021 May 5
Title Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant
Author(s) nameShinde V, Bhikha S et al.
Journal N Engl J Med
Impact factor
37.91
Citation count: 213
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 13

The efficacy of the Pfizer BNT-162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 mutants (RBD) was tested in convalescent, uninfected and vaccinated individuals. Vaccinated individuals showed a robust humoral response with high IgG antibody titers, however, they had reduced neutralizing activity against Beta variant (B.1.351) of SARS-CoV-2. Future vaccines should focus on the most prevailing RBD mutations of SARS-CoV-2 variants which are bypassing the existing strategies.
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 		34035301
(Nat Commun)
PMID
34035301
Date of Publishing: 2021 May 25
Title Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in vaccinated individuals
Author(s) nameBecker M, Dulovic A et al.
Journal Nat Commun
Impact factor
11.8
Citation count: 43
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 13

The neutralizing ability of sera from the vaccinated individuals (Pfizer vaccine) against different SARS-CoV-2 spike variants was determined. There was no significant change in the neutralising activity against the wildtype (USA-WA1/2020), B.1.1.7-spike+ E484K and B.1.526-spike viruses. The neutralization of B.1.429-spike was slightly lower. Despite repeated alterations, the majority of newly developed SARS-CoV-2 variants are vulnerable to the vaccine-elicited immune response, emphasising the significance of widespread vaccination to combat the Covid pandemic.
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 		33979486
(N Engl J Med)
PMID
33979486
Date of Publishing: 2021 May 12
Title BNT162b2 - Elicited Neutralization against New SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants
Author(s) nameLiu Y, Liu J et al.
Journal N Engl J Med
Impact factor
37.91
Citation count: 40
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 13

The neutralizing ability of the Sputnik V vaccine against B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants was determined by examining serum samples of the Sputnik V vaccine recipients. The majority of the samples showed good neutralising potency against the wild type and Alpha variants of SARS-CoV-2. However, the same set of sera showed moderate or very low activity against E484K substitution alone as well as for B.1.351 variant. Updated vaccines may be beneficial for the control of some emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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 		33851150
(Res Sq)
PMID
33851150
Date of Publishing: 2021 Apr 8
Title Neutraizing activity of Sputniv V vaccine sera against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Author(s) nameIkegame S, Siddiquey M et al.
Journal Res Sq
Impact factor
- n/a -
Citation count: 1
Date of Entry 2021 Sep 13

In individuals vaccinated either with BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1, there was a significant reduction of neutralisation of B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2 and B.1.351 variants by 4.31, 5.11 and 6.29-folds respectively when compared to the Wuhan-Hu-1 variant. The mean antibody titres against the 3 VOCs analysed was higher in sera of individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 when compared to ChAdOx1. Two doses of the Pfizer vaccine induced higher neutralising antibody titres against the Wuhan-hu-1 and the 3 VOCs compared to a single dose of BNT162b2 or two doses of the ChAdOx1 vaccine.
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 		Pre-print ( medRXiv )
Date of Publishing 2021 Jun 28
Title Reduced neutralisation of the Delta (B.1.617.2) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern following vaccination
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Aug 6

Convalescent patients showed a 4-6.7-fold decrease whereas vaccinated recipients showed a 2-fold decrease in the neutralizing antibody titre to the Epsilon variant, indicating a moderate resistance to the antibodies produced by the individuals. The Epsilon variant requires close monitoring and future research to combat its ability to decrease vaccine effectiveness due to accumulation of mutations.
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 		33991487
(Cell)
PMID
33991487
Date of Publishing: 2021 Jun 24
Title Transmission, infectivity, and neutralization of a spike L452R SARS-CoV-2 variant
Author(s) nameDeng X, Garcia-Knight MA et al.
Journal Cell
Impact factor
27.35
Citation count: 162
Date of Entry 2021 Jul 2

The long term durability of antibodies from individuals vaccinated with the mRNA-1273 vaccine was assessed. The neutralising activity against variant B.1.351 fell below 20 GMT (Geometric mean titre) after 100 days, P.1 after 202 days, variant B.1.429 after 258 days and B.1.1.7 after 309 days. The m-RNA-1273 two-dose vaccine should protect induviduals from all variants for up to a year
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 		Pre-print ( medRXiv )
Date of Publishing 2021 May 04
Title Modeling and Predicting Antibody Durability for mRNA-1273 Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Jul 2

The T-cell responses to the wild-type spike protein were more robust in vaccinated individuals when compared to convalescent patients.
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 		Pre-print (bioRXiv)
Date of Publishing 2021 May 03
Title SARS -CoV-2 T-cell immunity to variants of concern following vaccination
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Jul 2

Decreased T-cell responses were observed in response to the spike protein from 3 variants of the virus -B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.1.248 (when compared to wildtype spike) in vaccinated individuals
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 		Pre-print (bioRXiv)
Date of Publishing 2021 May 03
Title SARS -CoV-2 T-cell immunity to variants of concern following vaccination
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Jul 2

A two-dose regimen of the BBV152 (Covaxin) vaccine significantly increased the IgG titre and neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.28.2 and D614 varaints in vaccinated individuals when compared to convalescent sera.
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 		Pre-print ( bioRXiv )
Date of Publishing 2021 Apr 30
Title Neutralization of B.1.1.28 P2 variant with sera of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and recipients of BBV152 vaccine
Impact factor
N/A
Date of Entry 2021 Jul 2