The hazard ratio (HR ; Covid-19 vs
contemporary control) and 1-year burden (per 1,000 people) of post-acute Covid-19 cerebrovascular outcomes (stroke and transient ischemic episodes) are 1.53 and 5.48, respectively .
The risks were present regardless of age, race, sex, or other cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or hyperlipidemia; they were also present in people who had never had a heart attack or stroke before being exposed to COVID-19, indicating that these risks may manifest even in people who are not at high risk of heart disease.
Xie Y, Xu E, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022 Feb 7. PMID:35132265
Incidence of post-acute Covid-19 composite of dysrhythmia outcomes (atrial fibrillation, sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, atrial flutter) had a hazard ratio (HR - COVID-19 vs
Contemporary control) of 1.69 and a 1-year burden (per 1,000 people) of 19.86.
Extrapulmonary (including cardiovascular) post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 have also been attributed to an abnormal chronic hyperactivated immune response, autoimmune, or virus persistence in immune-privileged areas.
Xie Y, Xu E, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022 Feb 7. PMID:35132265
The hazard ratio (HR -COVID-19 vs
Contemporary control) for post-acute Covid-19 inflammatory illness of the heart or pericardium (pericarditis, myocarditis) was 2.02 and 1-year burden (per 1,000 persons) was 1.23.
The mechanism(s) behind the link between COVID-19 and the development of cardiovascular illnesses in the post-acute phase of the disease are not completely understood.
Xie Y, Xu E, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022 Feb 7. PMID:35132265
The hazard ratio (HR) for post-acute Covid-19 Ischemic heart disease (acute coronary disease, myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and angina) was 1.66, with a 1-year burden of 7.28 per 1,000 people.
Even among those who did not require hospitalisation because to acute COVID-19, the risks and consequences of cardiovascular disease were evident.
Xie Y, Xu E, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022 Feb 7. PMID:35132265
The hazard ratio (HR) for post-acute Covid-19 thromboembolic diseases (pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and superficial vein thrombosis) was 2.39, with a one-year burden (per 1,000 persons) of 9.88.
To develop preventative and treatment methods for COVID-19-related cardiovascular symptoms, a better understanding of the biologic pathways will be required.
Xie Y, Xu E, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022 Feb 7. PMID:35132265
Incidence of post-acute Covid-19 composite of other cardiovascular disorders (heart failure, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, cardic arrest, cardiogenic shock) had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.72 and a 1-year burden (per 1,000 people) of 12.72.
People who have survived an acute episode of COVID-19 should have their cardiovascular health and illness taken into account in their treatment plans.
Xie Y, Xu E, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022 Feb 7. PMID:35132265
The risks and associated burdens exhibited a graded increase across the severity spectrum of COVID-19 (from non-hospitalized to hospitalised individuals to those admitted to intensive care).
Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis without Covid-19 vaccination increased.
Xie Y, Xu E, Bowe B, Al-Aly Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2022 Feb 7. PMID:35132265
Based on the study it was found that risk factors for SARS-COV-2 associated mortality and morbidity irrepective of age, sex are the history of macular degeneration and coagulation disorder.
In addition to type-I interferon and interleukin-6-dependent inflammatory responses, infection leads in significant involvement of the complement and coagulation pathways, according to transcriptional profiling of nasopharyngeal swabs.
Immune complement and coagulation
dysfunction in adverse outcomes of
SARS-CoV-2 infection
Author(s) name
Ramlall V, Thangaraj PM et al.
Journal
Nat Med
Impact factor
22.66
Citation count: 118
Date of Entry
2021 Oct 31
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NLM format
Ramlall V, Thangaraj PM, Meydan C, Foox J, Butler D, Kim J, May B, De Freitas JK, Glicksberg BS, Mason CE, Tatonetti NP, Shapira SD. Immune complement and coagulation
dysfunction in adverse outcomes of
SARS-CoV-2 infection
. Nat Med. 2020 Oct;26(10):1609-1615. PMID:32747830
Increased COVID-19 incidence was associated with high concentration of superstores, due to its potential for efficient transmission of SARS-CoV-2. No significant association of COVID-19 cases with population density or age or household income was reported.
Owing to its correlation between increase in COVID-19 cases and position of superstores, retailers are warned to implement protective measures early enough to control spread of the disease.
Socio-spatial influences on the prevalence of COVID-19 in central Pennsylvania
Author(s) name
Henning A, McLaughlin C et al.
Journal
Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol
Impact factor
1.34
Citation count: 1
×
NLM format
Henning A, McLaughlin C, Armen S, Allen S. Socio-spatial influences on the prevalence of COVID-19 in central Pennsylvania. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol. 2021 Jun;37:100411. PMID:33980403
Higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in individuals with B+ blood type (36.3%) than those with O+ blood type (29%) and A+ blood type (20.9%). Post-COVID complications such as sleep disturbances, pains, anxiety and depression were also reported.
A multi-centre, cross-sectional study on coronavirus disease 2019 in Bangladesh: clinical epidemiology and short-term outcomes in recovered individuals
Author(s) name
Mannan A, Mehedi HMH et al.
Journal
New Microbes New Infect
Impact factor
1.6
Citation count: 12
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NLM format
Mannan A, Mehedi HMH, Chy NUHA, Qayum MO, Akter F, Rob MA, Biswas P, Hossain S, Ayub M. A multi-centre, cross-sectional study on coronavirus disease 2019 in Bangladesh: clinical epidemiology and short-term outcomes in recovered individuals. New Microbes New Infect. 2021 Mar;40:100838. PMID:33520252
Risk of prolonged COVID-19 infection was higher in individuals with higher BMI and triglycerides level, since BMI indirectly lowers IgG immune response when triglyceride levels are high. This is also owed to the direct impact of BMI and triglycerides on 7 proteins: CRP, Factor B and H, the interleukin 1 family of proteins, SAA/2, fibrinogen and antithrombin III via separate pathways.
Evaluating the effects of cardiometabolic exposures on circulating proteins which may contribute to severe SARS-CoV-2
Author(s) name
Richardson TG, Fang S et al.
Journal
EBioMedicine
Impact factor
6.49
Citation count: 5
×
NLM format
Richardson TG, Fang S, Mitchell RE, Holmes MV, Davey Smith G. Evaluating the effects of cardiometabolic exposures on circulating proteins which may contribute to severe SARS-CoV-2. EBioMedicine. 2021 Feb;64:103228. PMID:33548839
Higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections was observed in Delivery personnels, Informal traders (Salesman) and Transport sector workers compared to others. Overall COVID-19 Incidence rate was 41%.
Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Mexico: Symptomatic profiles andpresymptomatic people
Author(s) name
Fernández-Rojas MA, Luna-Ruiz Esparza MA et al.
Journal
Int J Infect Dis
Impact factor
3.42
Citation count: 11
×
NLM format
Fernández-Rojas MA, Luna-Ruiz Esparza MA, Campos-Romero A, Calva-Espinosa DY, Moreno-Camacho JL, Langle-MartÃnez AP, GarcÃa-Gil A, SolÃs-González CJ, Canizalez-Román A, León-Sicairos N, Alcántar-Fernández J. Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Mexico: Symptomatic profiles andpresymptomatic people. Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Mar;104:572-579. PMID:33434668
Risk of COVID-19 incidence decreased due to the implementation of lockdown measures and restricted movement. In addition, negative correlation was observed between temperature, relative humidity and COVID-19 transmission.
The Role of Weather Conditions in COVID-19 Transmission: A Study of a Global Panel of 1236 Regions
Author(s) name
Zhang C, Liao H et al.
Journal
J Clean Prod
Impact factor
15.6
Citation count: 4
×
NLM format
Zhang C, Liao H, Strobl E, Li H, Li R, Jensen SS, Zhang Y. The Role of Weather Conditions in COVID-19 Transmission: A Study of a Global Panel of 1236 Regions. J Clean Prod. 2021 Apr 10;292:125987. PMID:33495673
Risk of COVID-19 transmission increased in nursing homes due to factors such as reduced staffing levels of total staff members and Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) as well as number of fines issued in 2020 because of non-conformity to the pandemic guidelines. Also, county-level factor like per-capita income (RR-1.86) showed a higher association with COVID-19 incidence in nursing homes compared to others.
Mapping community-level determinants of COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes: A multi-scale approach
Author(s) name
Sugg MM, Spaulding TJ et al.
Journal
Sci Total Environ
Impact factor
5.9
Citation count: 38
×
NLM format
Sugg MM, Spaulding TJ, Lane SJ, Runkle JD, Harden SR, Hege A, Iyer LS. Mapping community-level determinants of COVID-19 transmission in nursing homes: A multi-scale approach. Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jan 15;752:141946. PMID:32889290
Higher risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 was reported in a study population with certain risk factors (46%) whereas increased risk of mortality was observed in those with Rheumatoid arthritis or SLE (5%).
Prevalence and Clinical Presentation of COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers at a Dedicated Hospital in India
Author(s) name
Mahajan NN, Mathe A et al.
Journal
J Assoc Physicians India
Impact factor
0.5
Citation count: 9
×
NLM format
Mahajan NN, Mathe A, Patokar GA, Bahirat S, Lokhande PD, Rakh V, Gajbhiye R, Rathi S, Tilve A, Mahajan K, Mohite SC. Prevalence and Clinical Presentation of COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers at a Dedicated Hospital in India. J Assoc Physicians India. 2020 Dec;68(12):16-21.. PMID:33247637
Risk of COVID-19 positivity among students with a history of loss of taste and/or smell were 4 times higher than those without symptoms. Similarly, students with confirmed or suspected exposure to a positive COVID-19 case were 3.3 times as likely to test positive. Increased test positivity for those with a history of international travel and domestic travel since December 1, 2019 was also reported.
A Cross-Sectional Study Examining the Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies in a University Student Population
Author(s) name
Tilley K, Ayvazyan V et al.
Journal
J Adolesc Health
Impact factor
6.3
Citation count: 18
×
NLM format
Tilley K, Ayvazyan V, Martinez L, Nanda N, Kawaguchi ES, O'Gorman M, Conti D, Gauderman WJ, Van Orman S. A Cross-Sectional Study Examining the Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies in a University Student Population. J Adolesc Health. 2020 Dec;67(6):763-768. PMID:33071164
Out of 3711 healthcare workers (HCW) including 297 frontline HCW, 116 non-frontline, 113 physicians, 103 nurses and 197 other staff, 413 (11%) were SARS-CoV-2 infected. Frontline workers were highly prone to SARS-CoV-2 due to their close contact with COVID-19 patients. An overall 1% mortality rate was reported.
Median age of COVID-19 infected HCWs was 32 years.
Prevalence and Clinical Presentation of COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers at a Dedicated Hospital in India
Author(s) name
Mahajan NN, Mathe A et al.
Journal
J Assoc Physicians India
Impact factor
0.5
Citation count: 9
×
NLM format
Mahajan NN, Mathe A, Patokar GA, Bahirat S, Lokhande PD, Rakh V, Gajbhiye R, Rathi S, Tilve A, Mahajan K, Mohite SC. Prevalence and Clinical Presentation of COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers at a Dedicated Hospital in India. J Assoc Physicians India. 2020 Dec;68(12):16-21.. PMID:33247637
Risk of premature (<37 weeks) birth was observed in 12.9% infants born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers. Among 610 (21.3%) tested infants, 2.6% were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, indicating vertical transmission.
Birth and Infant Outcomes Following Laboratory-Confirmed Infection in Pregnancy SET-NET, 16 Jurisdictions, March 29October 14, 2020 SARS-CoV-2
Author(s) name
Woodworth KR, Olsen EO et al.
Journal
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
Impact factor
14.4
Citation count: 126
×
NLM format
Woodworth KR, Olsen EO, Neelam V, Lewis EL, Galang RR, Oduyebo T, Aveni K, Yazdy MM, Harvey E, Longcore ND, Barton J, Fussman C, Siebman S, Lush M, Patrick PH, Halai UA, Valencia-Prado M, Orkis L, Sowunmi S, Schlosser L, Khuwaja S, Read JS, Hall AJ, Meaney-Delman D, Ellington SR, Gilboa SM, Tong VT; CDC COVID-19 Response Pregnancy and Infant Linked Outcomes Team; COVID-19 Pregnancy and Infant Linked Outcomes Team (PILOT). Birth and Infant Outcomes Following Laboratory-Confirmed Infection in Pregnancy SET-NET, 16 Jurisdictions, March 29October 14, 2020 SARS-CoV-2. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Nov 6;69(44):1635-1640. PMID:33151917
High risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection from index patients was reported in household members with Asthma (13%) than those with chronic lung or renal disease (1%). Moderate risk of SARS-COV-2 transmission was reported for those with Cardiovascular disease and Diabetes (4%), Immunodeficiency and Smokers (2%) .
Median age of index patients was 32 years and that of household members was 28 years.
Transmission of SARS-COV-2 Infections in Households Tennessee and Wisconsin, April-September 2020
Author(s) name
Grijalva CG, Rolfes MA et al.
Journal
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
Impact factor
14.4
Citation count: 99
×
NLM format
Grijalva CG, Rolfes MA, Zhu Y, McLean HQ, Hanson KE, Belongia EA, Halasa NB, Kim A, Reed C, Fry AM, Talbot HK. Transmission of SARS-COV-2 Infections in Households Tennessee and Wisconsin, April-September 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Nov 6;69(44):1631-1634. PMID:33151916
A higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 was observed in Individuals who had obesity (24%), attended large gatherings such as graduation dinner (30%), planting dinner (22%) and visited households (24%) than those with Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular (10%), chronic lung disease and hyperglycemia (7%), being in the household (14%) or working (4%)
A SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak Illustrating the Challenges in Limiting the Spread of the Virus - Hopi Tribe, May-June 2020
Author(s) name
Hirschman J, Kaur H et al.
Journal
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
Impact factor
14.4
Citation count: 4
×
NLM format
Hirschman J, Kaur H, Honanie K, Jenkins R, Humeyestewa DA, Burke RM, Billy TM, Mayer O, Herne M, Anderson M, Bhairavabhotla R, Yatabe G, Balajee SA. A SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak Illustrating the Challenges in Limiting the Spread of the Virus - Hopi Tribe, May-June 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Nov 6;69(44):1654-1659. PMID:33151922
Out of 54 residents in a psychiatric facility, 40 (74%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2 with doubling time of 3.9 days. Obesity as a risk factor (43%) and no other psychiatric or medical condition was significantly associated with the infection.
COVID-19 Transmission in a Psychiatric Long-Term Care Rehabilitation Facility: An Observational Study.
Author(s) name
Xiong GL, Atkin A et al.
Journal
Prim Care Companion CNS Disord
Impact factor
0.3
Citation count: 1
×
NLM format
Xiong GL, Atkin A, Moquin K, Candido M, Beilenson P, Kasirye O, Wasserman M, Blum P, Hilty D. COVID-19 Transmission in a Psychiatric Long-Term Care Rehabilitation Facility: An Observational Study.. Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2020 Nov 5;22(6):20m02765. PMID:33166098
Positive risk predictors for COVID-19 cases and deaths were wind speed, major sports events, white race ( 0.8, p < 0.05) and GDP per capita ( = 1.07, p = 0.04) whereas negative risk predictor for COVID-19 cases ( = 1.76, p = 6.62 106) and deaths ( = 0.94, p = 0.01) was yellow race.
Important factors affecting COVID-19 transmission and fatality in metropolises
Author(s) name
Cao W, Chen C et al.
Journal
Public Health
Impact factor
1.774
Citation count: 5
×
NLM format
Cao W, Chen C, Li M, Nie R, Lu Q, Song D, Li S, Yang T, Liu Y, Du B, Wang X. Important factors affecting COVID-19 transmission and fatality in metropolises. Public Health. 2021 Jan;190:e21-e23. PMID:33339626
