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Clinical trials, Virology

Last updated: 2022 May 14

Total hit(s): 18

Select item(s)	Key Findings	Comments (You can add your comments too!)	Original Article (hover to see details)

Prevalence of antibodies to Sars-Cov-2 Spike protein at baseline was higher in participants who were prescribed 800mg molnupiravir compared to participants prescribed placebo. Reduction in viral load and reduction in time to negative test was significantly reduced in participants prescribed 800mg molnupiravir compared to all other participants.

Strong biological evidence of using molnupiravir as oral drug to reduce uninterrupted viral replication has been provided in this study. ✍

34941423
(Sci Transl Med)

PMID	34941423 Date of Publishing: 2021 Dec 23
Title	A phase 2a clinical trial of molnupiravir in patients with COVID-19 shows accelerated SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance and elimination of infectious virus
Author(s) name	Fischer WA 2nd, Eron JJ Jr et al.
Journal	Sci Transl Med
Impact factor	11.64 Citation count: 24
Date of Entry	2022 May 14

NLM format

Fischer WA 2nd, Eron JJ Jr, Holman W, Cohen MS, Fang L, Szewczyk LJ, Sheahan TP, Baric R, Mollan KR, Wolfe CR, Duke ER, Azizad MM, Borroto-Esoda K, Wohl DA, Coombs RW, James Loftis A, Alabanza P, Lipansky F, Painter WP. A phase 2a clinical trial of molnupiravir in patients with COVID-19 shows accelerated SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance and elimination of infectious virus. Sci Transl Med. 2022 Jan 19;14(628):eabl7430. PMID:34941423

No significant reduction in viral load was observed from baseline to day 15 among different treatment group patients (Lopinavir/Ritonavir, IFN-�-1a, Hydroxychloroquine, and control group ).

Normalized SARS-CoV-2 viral loads were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed in Nasopharyngeal and lower respiratory specimens. ✍

Pre-print (medRXiv)

Title	Antiviral drugs in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 - the DisCoVeRy trial
Author(s) name	-
Impact factor	N/A
Date of Entry	2021 Jun 14

HCQ did not significantly reduce the viral load in patients. No differences in the viral load reduction between the two groups of patients were observed (HCQ and control group).

Samples were tested for the detection of N1 and N2 targets (nucleoprotein gene) of the SARS-CoV-2. Samples with Ct values <40 were considered positive ✍

33111169
(Braz J Microbiol)

PMID	33111169 Date of Publishing: 2020 Dec
Title	No benefit of hydroxychloroquine on SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction in non-critical hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Author(s) name	Faíco-Filho KS, Conte DD et al.
Journal	Braz J Microbiol
Impact factor	1.67 Citation count: 6

NLM format
Faíco-Filho KS, Conte DD, de Souza Luna LK, Carvalho JMA, Perosa AHS, Bellei N. No benefit of hydroxychloroquine on SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction in non-critical hospitalized patients with COVID-19 . Braz J Microbiol. 2020 Dec;51(4):1765-1769. PMID:33111169

The combined treatment of Remdesivir and convalescent plasma therapy created an effective virological response for an immunocompromised patient who was previously struggling to control the viremia.

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33103195
(Clin Infect Dis)

PMID	33103195 Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct 26
Title	Sustained response after remdesivir and convalescent plasma therapy in a B-cell depleted patient with protracted COVID-19
Author(s) name	Malsy J, Veletzky L et al.
Journal	Clin Infect Dis
Impact factor	7.71 Citation count: 20

NLM format
Malsy J, Veletzky L, Heide J, Hennigs A, Gil-Ibanez I, Stein A, Lütgehetmann M, Rosien U, Jasper D, Peine S, Hiller J, Haag F, Schmiedel S, Huber S, Jordan S, Addo MM, Schulze Zur Wiesch J. Sustained response after remdesivir and convalescent plasma therapy in a B-cell depleted patient with protracted COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Dec 6;73(11):e4020-e4024. PMID:33103195

Viral clearance within 14 days in the non-Arbidol group was lower than that of the Arbidol group.

Table 4: Time to PCR negative in patients with or without Arbidol based on gender(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7582420/table/Tab4/) ✍

33097047
(Virol J)

PMID	33097047 Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct 23
Title	Clinical features and efficacy of antiviral drug, Arbidol in 220 nonemergency COVID19 patients from East-West-Lake Shelter Hospital in Wuhan: a retrospective case series
Author(s) name	Gao W, Chen S et al.
Journal	Virol J
Impact factor	2.45 Citation count: 8

NLM format
Gao W, Chen S, Wang K, Chen R, Guo Q, Lu J, Wu X, He Y, Yan Q, Wang S, Wang F, Jin L, Hua J, Li Q. Clinical features and efficacy of antiviral drug, Arbidol in 220 nonemergency COVID19 patients from East-West-Lake Shelter Hospital in Wuhan: a retrospective case series. Virol J. 2020 Oct 23;17(1):162. PMID:33097047

No significant difference in the viral load reduction was observed between the treatment groups (HCQ and Control group).

The Samples were tested for the detection of E-gene of SARS-CoV-2. ✍

33082342
(Nat Commun)

PMID	33082342 Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct 20
Title	A pragmatic randomized controlled trial reports lack of efficacy of hydroxychloroquine on coronavirus disease 2019 viral kinetics
Author(s) name	Lyngbakken MN, Berdal JE et al.
Journal	Nat Commun
Impact factor	11.8 Citation count: 41

NLM format
Lyngbakken MN, Berdal JE, Eskesen A, Kvale D, Olsen IC, Rueegg CS, Rangberg A, Jonassen CM, Omland T, Røsjø H, Dalgard O. A pragmatic randomized controlled trial reports lack of efficacy of hydroxychloroquine on coronavirus disease 2019 viral kinetics. Nat Commun. 2020 Oct 20;11(1):5284. PMID:33082342

Viral loads decreased over time in 3 of 4 patients after Remdesivir treatment.

Patient 3 died due to multiple organ failures ✍

32418190
(Infection)

PMID	32418190 Date of Publishing: 2020 Oct
Title	Early experience with remdesivir in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia
Author(s) name	Durante-Mangoni E, Andini R et al.
Journal	Infection
Impact factor	2.84 Citation count: 13

NLM format
Durante-Mangoni E, Andini R, Bertolino L, Mele F, Florio LL, Murino P, Corcione A, Zampino R. Early experience with remdesivir in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Infection. 2020 Oct;48(5):779-782. PMID:32418190

Viral loads decreased over time in 3 of 5 patients after Remdesivir treatment. But two patients died due to disease severity.

Age of case 1: 31-year-old. Age of case 2: 80-year-old Age of case 3: 39-year-old Age of case 4: 76-year-old Age of case 5: 70-year-old ✍

32619764
(Int J Infect Dis)

PMID	32619764 Date of Publishing: 2020 Sep
Title	Case report study of the first five COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir in France
Author(s) name	Dubert M, Visseaux B et al.
Journal	Int J Infect Dis
Impact factor	3.42 Citation count: 14

NLM format
Dubert M, Visseaux B, Isernia V, Bouadma L, Deconinck L, Patrier J, Wicky PH, Le Pluart D, Kramer L, Rioux C, Le Hingrat Q, Houhou-Fidouh N, Yazdanpanah Y, Ghosn J, Lescure FX. Case report study of the first five COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir in France. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Sep;98:290-293. PMID:32619764

This study reports that after 72 hours, 87.2% and 37.5% of patients showed negative SARS-CoV-2 conversion rates in the Convalescent plasma group and control group, respectively.

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32492084
(JAMA)

PMID	32492084 Date of Publishing: 2020 Aug 4
Title	Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19
Author(s) name	Li L, Zhang W et al.
Journal	JAMA
Impact factor	14.78 Citation count: 647

NLM format

Li L, Zhang W, Hu Y, Tong X, Zheng S, Yang J, Kong Y, Ren L, Wei Q, Mei H, Hu C, Tao C, Yang R, Wang J, Yu Y, Guo Y, Wu X, Xu Z, Zeng L, Xiong N, Chen L, Wang J, Man N, Liu Y, Xu H, Deng E, Zhang X, Li C, Wang C, Su S, Zhang L, Wang J, Wu Y, Liu Z. Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19. JAMA. 2020 Aug 4;324(5):460-470. PMID:32492084

HCQ treated patients showed a significant reduction in viral load. The effect of HCQ increased when given in combination with Azithromycin.

Among hydroxychloroquine-treated patients six patients received azithromycin ✍

32205204
(Int J Antimicrob Agents)

PMID	32205204 Date of Publishing: 2020 Jul
Title	Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial
Author(s) name	Gautret P, Lagier JC et al.
Journal	Int J Antimicrob Agents
Impact factor	4.6 Citation count: 2374

NLM format
Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, Hoang VT, Meddeb L, Mailhe M, Doudier B, Courjon J, Giordanengo V, Vieira VE, Tissot Dupont H, Honoré S, Colson P, Chabrière E, La Scola B, Rolain JM, Brouqui P, Raoult D. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Jul;56(1):105949. PMID:32205204

This study compares the effect of convalescent plasma therapy against the control group on viral shedding and survival in COVID-19 patients with serious respiratory failure

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32348485
(J Infect Dis)

PMID	32348485 Date of Publishing: 2020 Jun 16
Title	Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Viral Shedding and Survival in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Author(s) name	Zeng QL, Yu ZJ et al.
Journal	J Infect Dis
Impact factor	4.73 Citation count: 176

NLM format
Zeng QL, Yu ZJ, Gou JJ, Li GM, Ma SH, Zhang GF, Xu JH, Lin WB, Cui GL, Zhang MM, Li C, Wang ZS, Zhang ZH, Liu ZS. Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Viral Shedding and Survival in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019. J Infect Dis. 2020 Jun 16;222(1):38-43. PMID:32348485

4.4% of patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin had a poor virological outcome (viral load was detectable after 10 days of treatment).

2 of 8 PVirO patients had a co-infection of bocavirus. ✍

32387409
(Travel Med Infect Dis)

PMID	32387409 Date of Publishing: 2020 May-Jun
Title	Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France
Author(s) name	Million M, Lagier JC et al.
Journal	Travel Med Infect Dis
Impact factor	3.42 Citation count: 223

NLM format

Million M, Lagier JC, Gautret P, Colson P, Fournier PE, Amrane S, Hocquart M, Mailhe M, Esteves-Vieira V, Doudier B, Aubry C, Correard F, Giraud-Gatineau A, Roussel Y, Berenger C, Cassir N, Seng P, Zandotti C, Dhiver C, Ravaux I, Tomei C, Eldin C, Tissot-Dupont H, Honoré S, Stein A, Jacquier A, Deharo JC, Chabrière E, Levasseur A, Fenollar F, Rolain JM, Obadia Y, Brouqui P, Drancourt M, La Scola B, Parola P, Raoult D. Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 May-Jun;35:101738. PMID:32387409

The mean baseline viral RNA loads were slightly higher in the Lopinavir-Ritonavir group than in the standard care group. But the percentage of patients with detectable viral RNA was similar in both groups.

Samples were tested for the detection of E gene, RdRp gene, and N gene of SARS-CoV-2. ✍

32187464
(N Engl J Med)

PMID	32187464 Date of Publishing: 2020 May 7
Title	A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19
Author(s) name	Cao B, Wang Y et al.
Journal	N Engl J Med
Impact factor	37.91 Citation count: 2551

NLM format

Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan G, Ruan L, Song B, Cai Y, Wei M, Li X, Xia J, Chen N, Xiang J, Yu T, Bai T, Xie X, Zhang L, Li C, Yuan Y, Chen H, Li H, Huang H, Tu S, Gong F, Liu Y, Wei Y, Dong C, Zhou F, Gu X, Xu J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Shang L, Wang K, Li K, Zhou X, Dong X, Qu Z, Lu S, Hu X, Ruan S, Luo S, Wu J, Peng L, Cheng F, Pan L, Zou J, Jia C, Wang J, Liu X, Wang S, Wu X, Ge Q, He J, Zhan H, Qiu F, Guo L, Huang C, Jaki T, Hayden FG, Horby PW, Zhang D, Wang C. A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020 May 7;382(19):1787-1799. PMID:32187464

The viral load significantly decreased over time in the combination group (beta-1b, Lopinavir-Ritonavir, and ribavirin) than in the control group (Lopinavir-Ritonavir).

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32401715
(Lancet)

PMID	32401715 Date of Publishing: 2020 May 30
Title	Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavirritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial
Author(s) name	Hung IF, Lung KC et al.
Journal	Lancet
Impact factor	43.38 Citation count: 739

NLM format

Hung IF, Lung KC, Tso EY, Liu R, Chung TW, Chu MY, Ng YY, Lo J, Chan J, Tam AR, Shum HP, Chan V, Wu AK, Sin KM, Leung WS, Law WL, Lung DC, Sin S, Yeung P, Yip CC, Zhang RR, Fung AY, Yan EY, Leung KH, Ip JD, Chu AW, Chan WM, Ng AC, Lee R, Fung K, Yeung A, Wu TC, Chan JW, Yan WW, Chan WM, Chan JF, Lie AK, Tsang OT, Cheng VC, Que TL, Lau CS, Chan KH, To KK, Yuen KY. Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavirritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2020 May 30;395(10238):1695-1704. PMID:32401715

Viral load decreased over time comparably in both groups (Remdesivir group and placebo group).

The Samples were tested for the detection of E-gene, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene, and N-gene of SARS-CoV-2. ✍

32423584
(Lancet)

PMID	32423584 Date of Publishing: 2020 May 16
Title	Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial
Author(s) name	Wang Y, Zhang D et al.
Journal	Lancet
Impact factor	43.38 Citation count: 1589

NLM format

Wang Y, Zhang D, Du G, Du R, Zhao J, Jin Y, Fu S, Gao L, Cheng Z, Lu Q, Hu Y, Luo G, Wang K, Lu Y, Li H, Wang S, Ruan S, Yang C, Mei C, Wang Y, Ding D, Wu F, Tang X, Ye X, Ye Y, Liu B, Yang J, Yin W, Wang A, Fan G, Zhou F, Liu Z, Gu X, Xu J, Shang L, Zhang Y, Cao L, Guo T, Wan Y, Qin H, Jiang Y, Jaki T, Hayden FG, Horby PW, Cao B, Wang C. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2020 May 16;395(10236):1569-1578. PMID:32423584

Critically ill, 5 COVID-19 patients were treated with the transfusion of "Convalescent- plasma" containing SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody. A significant reduction in viral load within 12 days of treatment was observed.

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32219428
(JAMA)

PMID	32219428 Date of Publishing: 2020 Apr 28
Title	Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma
Author(s) name	Shen C, Wang Z et al.
Journal	JAMA
Impact factor	14.78 Citation count: 1141

NLM format
Shen C, Wang Z, Zhao F, Yang Y, Li J, Yuan J, Wang F, Li D, Yang M, Xing L, Wei J, Xiao H, Yang Y, Qu J, Qing L, Chen L, Xu Z, Peng L, Li Y, Zheng H, Chen F, Huang K, Jiang Y, Liu D, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Liu L. Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma. JAMA. 2020 Apr 28;323(16):1582-1589. PMID:32219428

COVID-19 patients were treated with Convalescent- plasma containing a high concentration of SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies (titers above 1:640). Serum SARS-CoV-2 RNA load disappeared within 3 to 6 days after CP therapy.

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32253318
(Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A)

PMID	32253318 Date of Publishing: 2020 Apr 28
Title	Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients
Author(s) name	Duan K, Liu B et al.
Journal	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Impact factor	9.35 Citation count: 951

NLM format

Duan K, Liu B, Li C, Zhang H, Yu T, Qu J, Zhou M, Chen L, Meng S, Hu Y, Peng C, Yuan M, Huang J, Wang Z, Yu J, Gao X, Wang D, Yu X, Li L, Zhang J, Wu X, Li B, Xu Y, Chen W, Peng Y, Hu Y, Lin L, Liu X, Huang S, Zhou Z, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Deng K, Xia Z, Gong Q, Zhang W, Zheng X, Liu Y, Yang H, Zhou D, Yu D, Hou J, Shi Z, Chen S, Chen Z, Zhang X, Yang X. Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Apr 28;117(17):9490-9496. PMID:32253318

A rapid fall of viral load reported over time, with 83% negative at Day 7 and 93% at Day 8 after receiving a combination of the drug (Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin).

Negative results for viral RNA detection were defined as those with a cycle threshold (Ct) value35 ✍

32289548
(Travel Med Infect Dis)

PMID	32289548 Date of Publishing: 2020 Mar-Apr
Title	Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study
Author(s) name	Gautret P, Lagier JC et al.
Journal	Travel Med Infect Dis
Impact factor	3.42 Citation count: 350

NLM format

Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, Hoang VT, Meddeb L, Sevestre J, Mailhe M, Doudier B, Aubry C, Amrane S, Seng P, Hocquart M, Eldin C, Finance J, Vieira VE, Tissot-Dupont HT, Honoré S, Stein A, Million M, Colson P, La Scola B, Veit V, Jacquier A, Deharo JC, Drancourt M, Fournier PE, Rolain JM, Brouqui P, Raoult D. Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: A pilot observational study. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Mar-Apr;34:101663. PMID:32289548

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